In the midst of the protracted conflict between Russia and Ukraine, a significant diplomatic achievement was realized in July 2022: the Black Sea grain deal. This accord, meticulously brokered by the Trkiye and the United Nations, facilitated the export of commercial food and fertilizers from three pivotal Ukrainian ports in the Black Sea Odessa, Chornomorsk, and Pivdennyi.

This agreement was not merely a testament to the efficacy of diplomatic negotiations, but also a crucial intervention in the global food market, which had been severely impacted by the ongoing conflict. By ensuring the export of grain and fertilizers, the agreement offered a potential solution to the escalating food insecurity crisis, exacerbated by the persistent hostilities.

However, this diplomatic triumph was ephemeral. In 2023, the Russian Federation unilaterally decided to terminate the agreement. This abrupt cessation of the Black Sea grain deal had far-reaching implications that extended beyond the immediate geographical confines of Ukraine and Russia. The termination of the agreement disrupted the precarious equilibrium that had been established and had a profound impact on the global food market. The reverberations of this decision continue to be felt, underscoring the intricate and complex interplay between geopolitics and global food security.

The Black Sea Grain Deal: A Brief Overview

The Black Sea grain deal, conceived as a strategic initiative, was a meticulously designed solution to a complex problem. It aimed to ensure the export of Ukrainian grain via the Istanbul Strait, a critical waterway connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. This initiative was necessitated by the limitations and logistical challenges associated with alternative methods of transport. Road or rail transport through Poland, or canal and river transport through Romania, were deemed less efficient and more susceptible to the vagaries of the ongoing conflict.

The deal was a remarkable testament to the diplomatic prowess of Trkiye, the United Nations, and the Russian Federation. It was a beacon of hope in a landscape marred by conflict, promising to alleviate the escalating food insecurity that had been exacerbated by the ongoing hostilities.

The agreement facilitated the export of food and fertilizers from three key Ukrainian ports in the Black Sea: Odessa, Chornomorsk, and Pivdennyi. In a display of intricate planning and coordination, ships were guided into the international waters of the Black Sea, skillfully avoiding areas that had been mined. This ensured the safe passage of these vessels, carrying their precious cargo to markets beyond the immediate conf...

By Ahmed Adel | July 25, 2023

The West knew that Kiev did not have enough weapons for a successful counteroffensive but hoped that the courage and resourcefulness of Ukrainian soldiers would compensate for this deficit, reported The Wall Street Journal. Obviously, those hopes did not materialise as one cannot win a battle based on courage and resourcefulness.

When Ukraine launched its big counteroffensive this spring, Western military officials knew Kyiv didnt have all the training or weaponsfrom shells to warplanesthat it needed to dislodge Russian forces. But they hoped Ukrainian courage and resourcefulness would carry the day. They havent, reported the newspaper.

Deep and deadly minefields, extensive fortifications and Russian air power have combined to largely block significant advances by Ukrainian troops. Instead, the campaign risks descending into a stalemate with the potential to burn through lives and equipment without a major shift in momentum, added the Wall Street Journal.

According to the newspaper, the offensive risks a stalemate. It will cost Ukraine lives and equipment without significant progress. The publication also notes that there are not enough reserves in Europe to provide Kiev with everything necessary.

Moreover, according to Western diplomats, European leaders are unlikely to opt for a significant increase in aid to Ukraine if they feel a lack of enthusiasm on the part of the US, which in turn is preparing for the presidential election.

The Ukrainian offensive began on June 4 and has experienced catastrophy. But since the beginning of the special military operation in February 2022, Ukraine has lost 457 warplanes, 243 helicopters, 5,236 unmanned aerial vehicles, 426 air defence missile systems, 10,868 tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles, 1,139 fighting vehicles equipped with MLRS, 5,585 field artillery cannons and mortars, as well as 11,860 special military motor vehicles.

This catastrophic loss of military equipment demonstrates the complete failure of the Ukrainian offensive and is why more questions are being raised in Western countries about why support is still being provided when it is evidently making no difference in Ukraines fortunes.

In fact, it begs the question as to why the counteroffensive was ever launched to begin with.

As renowned political scientist Max Abrahms highlighted in a tweet, the White House boasted in May that Ukraine has everything necessary for a counteroffensive. This is a far cry from the recent revelation that the West believed that the courage and resourcefulness of Ukrainian soldiers would compensate...

By Lucas Leiroz | July 24, 2023

Cluster munitions have already begun to generate civilian casualties in the Ukrainian conflict. Russian journalists were attacked with illegal US-supplied weapons, resulting in the injury of three people and the death of RIA Novostis war correspondent Rostislav Zhuravlev. Once again, the Kiev regime shows its terrorist nature, also having NATOs co-participation in the crimes, as the alliance is responsible for supplying the weapons used in the murder of Russian civilians.

The attack took place in the Zaporozhye region. A civilian vehicle with journalists inside was hit by cluster bombs, injuring all the reporters, and killing Zhuravlev. According to information given by spokespersons for the Rossiya Segodnya group, the media crew was near the village of Pyatikhatki when it came under fire from Ukrainian forces. It is believed that they were in that area precisely to report the use of cluster munitions in some nearby residential zones.

Considering that it was not a military convoy, but just a civilian vehicle with journalists, the attack was illegal, contrary to basic rules of international humanitarian law. For this reason, Russian authorities have already commented on the case, classifying it as terrorism. It is w...

RT | July 24, 2023

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov has reiterated Russian denials that one of its missiles was responsible for the damage done to the Transfiguration Cathedral in Odessa over the weekend. The claims coming from Kiev are absolutely not true, he told journalists on Monday.

Our armed forces never conduct strikes on objects of social infrastructure, even less so on temples, churches and similar objects, he assured. The Russian Defense Ministry previously said a Ukrainian interceptor missile was likely to blame, an assertion that Peskov endorsed.

The cathedral was heavily damaged on Sunday morning amid a Russian missile attack on targets in several Ukrainian Black Sea ports. Ukrainian President Vladimir Zelensky said later in the day that a Russian Kh-22 anti-ship missile had struck the churchs altar.

The Ukrainian leader alleged that Moscow was targeting the people and the foundations of our pan-European culture and pledged that the church would be rebuilt, with Italy potentially footing the bill.

The Russian Defense Ministry denied the Ukrainian charge, suggesting later on Sunday that the incompetence of the countrys air defense forces was the most probable cause of the damage.

Russia targets only military locations and takes care to select only those far from civilians and sites of cultural value, it said. Meanwhile Ukrainian military leaders place air defense assets in residential areas on purpose.

The practice was acknowledged earlier this month by a spokesman for the Ukrainian military, who claimed that it was necessary because the country doesnt have enough longer-range air defense systems.

Kiev has previously accused Russia of damage done by its own troops. The most notable case happened last November, when Zelensky accused Moscow of killing two Polish farmers in a border region and urged NATO to retaliate. Warsaw swiftly acknowledged that the projectile was likely fired by the Ukrainian side.

Last week, Russia started a series of attacks on targets in Ukrainian ports, which the military described as retaliation for Kievs drone strike on the Crimean Bridge last Monday. The Sunday barrage was aimed at sites where the Kiev regime and foreign specialists planned terrorist attacks against Russia, the Defense Ministry said.

The Transfiguration Cathedral in Odessa was founded in 1794 and was one of the primary Christian places of worship in Imperial Russia. The Soviet government blew it up in 1936, after declaring that it had no historic value. The building was restored over a decade starting 1999 and re-concentrated in 2010.

By Uriel Araujo | July 24, 2023

While Western discussions have focused on sending sophisticated weapons to Kiev, Hal Brands, a Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, argues that what Ukraine needs the most, besides air-defense systems, is artillery ammunition. He describes the current conflict as an artillery-centric one: if Kiev cant find enough artillery pieces and ammunition, especially 155mm shells, it will be at a dire firepower deficit along the conflicts front lines.

Already on March 29, Earle Mack, former US ambassador to Finland, writing in a piece for The Hill, described the current confrontation as proxy attrition warfare, that is one which seeks military victory by wearing down the enemy. He worried that Ukraine seemed bound to tire out first. Things have not gotten much better for Kiev, so far.

A July 23 New York Times story, by former Marine infantryman Thomas Gibbons-Neff, based on dozens of visits to the front line quotes a Ukrainian commander: were trading our people for their people and they have more people and equipment. According to the story, Ukraine has made marginal progress in its ability to coordinate directly between its troops closest to Russian forces on the so-called zero line and those assaulting forward. Moreover, the countrys artillery is in short supply, and a mixture of munitions sent from different countries is employed. The thing is that accuracy varies greatly between them and the Ukrainians need to use more ammunition. In addition, according to the same news report, some of the older shells and rockets sent from abroad are damaging their equipment and injuring soldiers. 

Rather than using the complex military communication equipment, Ukraines troops employ less sophisticated, but easier-to-use programs like smartphone messaging apps, private internet chat rooms. Most of this system is dependent on Starlink satellite internet, and therefore it takes longer to communicate important military info...

On the past 24^th of June, the Wagner Group, the infamous Russian private military company headed by Yevgeny Prigozhin, ventured in an ultimately unsuccessful mutiny against the government of President Vladimir Putin. The uprising immediately made the global headlines and came as a shock to both the general public opinion and experienced analysts alike. It is indeed one of those occurrences that is virtually impossible to predict, especially given the secretive nature of the power dynamics behind the Kremlins walls. But as soon as it broke out, the crisis sparked intense speculations on the reasons of the mutiny and its consequences for Putins tenure to power, for Russias stability and cohesion as a state, and for the war in Ukraine. Today, one month after the failure of the short-lived rebellion, it is possible to provide a more detached analysis of its repercussions.

While the specifics vary considerably also due to the many contradictions of that day almost all analysts agreed on one fundamental point: The mutiny was a clear signal of the fragility of Putins power apparatus, and likely the first falling tile triggering a domino chain that would ultimately result in his downfall, a (pro-democracy) regime change in Moscow, or even to the dissolution of Russia as a unified polity; which, in turn, would lead to Ukraines victory.

However, I disagree with this interpretation. On the contrary, I believe the event shows that Putins power system and Russia as a state are actually resilient. What underlies my conclusion is that, rather than focusing on wat has happened, we should concentrate on what did not.

Surely, the rebellion showed that there are cracks within Putins system, an unintended result of his divide et impera policies, combined with months of mounting rivalries between the Wagner Group and the regular military, exacerbated by the lingering war in Ukraine. Still, one month after the events, Putin remains in power, Russia is still a unified state, and the fighting in Ukraine continues with no foreseeable end in sight. Putins apparatus had to face a largely unexpected crisis, sustained the blow, and has so far managed to survive. This is almost a handbook example of resiliency. Quite literally at the end of the day, no top military or government official decided to switch sides and support Prigozhin in contrast to what he had likely expected or at least hoped.

Here, I will open a brief digression on his possible motives. Many regarded his actions as an attempted coup to oust Putin and seize power. Some even drew parallels with precedent cases in Russias history like the 1991 coup against Gorbachev, or the 1917 Revolution and saw it as a prelude to the imminent collapse of Russias central government. But in my opinion, such historical analogies are oversimplistic and likely misleading. Prigozhin was neither an old guard military officer determined to defend t...

The Military Daily July 24, 2023

Source

• Russia is threatening the Suwalki corridor strategically important land
• Putin parliamentarian Andrey Kartapolov announced the threat on state TV
• However Polands intelligence service insists it is monitoring the Wagner threat

Will Stewart, Eleanor Dye and Hannah McDonald Daily Mail July 16, 2023

The Suwalki Corridor. Click to enlarge

Russia is threatening to use its Wagner mercenary army to invade NATOs weakest link a key strategic strip of land straddling the border between Poland and Lithuania, one of Putins cronies has revealed.

A top Putin parliamentarian revealed on Russian state television that mercenary forces were ready to march on the sought-after territory in a matter of hours, in a move that could trigger World War Three.

The 60-mile Suwalki Corridor or Gap that spans from north west Belarus to the southeastern border of Russias Baltic exclave of Kaliningrad has massive strategic importance for NATO and the EU as well as Moscow.

For the West, it is the only land link to the three ex-Soviet Baltic republics Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia which are seen as vulnerable to Putin if the current east-west tension worsens.

For Russia, control of the corridor would give a land link Kaliningrad, the main base of Putins Baltic Fleet, and firm Kremlin ally Belarus.

Reservist Col-Gen Andrey Kartapolov, now an MP who is the loyalist chairman of the Russian parliaments defence committee, told state TV: It is clear that Wagner [mercenary army] went to Belarus to train the Belarusian armed forces

[But] not only, and not so much. There is such a place as the Suwalki Corridor.

Should anything happen, we need this Suwalki Corridor very much

A strike force [based in Wagner forces in Belarus] is ready to take this corridor in a matter of hours.

His shock fist land grab plan would hit sparsely populated territory which has been labelled NATOs Achilles heel or soft underbelly.

Because it could...

AFP July 24, 2023

Russia said it had neutralised two Ukrainian drones over Moscow in the early hours of Monday, with one crashing close to the defence ministry in the city centre.

Officials said the drones hit non-residential buildings in the capital and that there were no casualties. The attack came one day after Kyiv vowed to retaliate for a Russian missile attack on the Black Sea port of Odesa.

A Kyiv regime attempt to carry out a terrorist act using two drones on objects on the territory of the city of Moscow was stopped, Russias defence ministry said. Two Ukrainian drones were suppressed and crashed. There are no casualties.

The Tass news agency reported one drone crashed in Komsomolsky Prospekt, near the defence ministry, while another hit a business centre on Likhacheva Street by one of Moscows main ring roads.

Moscow mayor Sergei Sobyanin said the drone strikes occurred at around 4am local time. He said emergency services were working at the scene and also reported no casualties.

The RIA Novosti news agency posted a video of the business centre, with some damage visible to the top of the tall building. The road around it was closed.

Moscow and its environs lie about 500km (310 miles) from the Ukrainian border but have been hit by several drone attacks this year, with one even hitting the Kremlin in May.

Earlier this month, Russia said it had downed five Ukrainian drones that disrupted the functioning of Moscows Vnukovo international airport.

Russian forces have pounded the Ukrainian port city of Odesa since Moscow quit a deal allowing Ukrainian grain to be exported through the Black Sea last week. The latest strike on the city on Sunday killed two people and severely damaged a historic cathedral.

Clergymen rescued icons from rubble inside the badly damaged Transfiguration cathedral, which was demolished under Stalin in 1936 and rebuilt in the 1990s after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

The Ukrainian government condemned the cathedral strike as a war crime, saying it had been destroyed twice: by Stalin and Putin.

President Volodymyr Zelenskiy vowed retaliation: They will definitely feel this, he said. We cannot allow people around the world to get used to terrorist attacks, Zelensky added in his evening speech late on Sunday.

The target of all these missiles is not just cities, villages or people. Their target is humanity and the foundations of...

July 23, 2023 By Prof Michel Chossudovsky Global Research, Region: Russia and FSU, USA Theme: Militarization and WMD, US NATO War Agenda In-depth Report: Nuclear War, UKRAINE REPORT All Global Research articles can be read in 51 languages by activating the Translate Website drop down menu on the top banner of our home page (Desktop version). To receive Global Researchs Daily Newsletter (selected articles), click []

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• On July 22, Ukrainian drone strike hit an ammo depot in the Krasnogvardeysky district;
• On July 19, a fire broke out at a military warehouse in the Kirovsky district of Crimea. The causes of the incident have not been revealed;
• On July 20, a drone strike killed a girl in the village of Razdolnoe;
• On July 18, Russian forces shot down 28 UAVs that targeted Crimea;
• On July 17, the AFU attacked the Crimean Bridge with two naval drones. Two civilians were killed, a 14 years old girl was wounded;
• On July 17, a Ukrainian strike UAV was found near the Port Kavkaz near the Crimean Bridge;
• On July 16, the Russian Army thwarted the AFU attacks on Sevastopol with 7 UAVs and 2 surface drones. All drones were destroyed or downed.

MORE ON THE TOPIC:

• Ukraines Recent Attacks On Crimea (Map Update)
• Ukraine Strikes Crimea Again, Targets Russian Journalists With Cluster Munitions (Videos)

The post Ukrainian Attacks On Crimea From July 16 To July 23, 2023 (Map Update) appeared first on South Front.

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• A woman was killed and three others were wounded by the AFU artillery shelling in Donetsk;
• Nine buildings were damaged by Ukrainian artillery shelling in Donetsk;
• Russian artillery struck AFU positions near Stelmakhovka;
• Russian artillery struck AFU positions near Dibrova;
• Russian artillery struck AFU positions near Nevskoye;
• Russian artillery destroyed an ammo depot of the AFU near Serebryanka;
• Russian artillery destroyed an ammo depot of the AFU near Stupochki;
• Russian artillery destroyed an ammo depot of the AFU near Dzerzhinsk;
• Russian artillery destroyed an ammo depot of the AFU near Spornoye;
• The Russian Army repelled AFU attacks near Novomikhailovka;
• Clashes between the Russian Army and the AFU continue near Kleshcheevka;
• Clashes between the Russian Army and the AFU continue near Torske;
• Clashes between Russian forces and the AFU continue in Mariinka;
• Up to 130 Ukrainian servicemen, 10 armored vehicles, 4 pickups, 4 artillery systems were destroyed in Krasny Liman area, according to the Russian MOD;
• Up to 370 Ukrainian servicemen, 6 armored vehicles, 24 motor vehicles, 3 artillery systems were destroyed in Donetsk countryside, according to the Russian MOD;
• Up to 160 Ukrainian servicemen, 7 Leopard tanks, 15 armored vehicles, 5 motor vehicles, 2 artillery systems were destroyed in Zaporozhye region, according to the Russian MOD;
• The AFU reportedly hit 12 military equipment, 21 artillery units, 1 missiles systems, 2 ammo depot, 1 fuel depot of Russian Army in the past 24 hours.

MORE ON THE TOPIC:

• ...

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• Russian artillery destroyed a fuel depot of the AFU near Malaya Tokmachka;
• Russian artillery destroyed a command post of the AFU near Malaya Tokmachka;
• Russian artillery destroyed an ammo depot of the AFU near Novoivanovka;
• The Russian Army repelled AFU attacks near Rabotino;
• The Russian Army repelled AFU attacks near Marfopol;
• Russian artillery struck AFU positions near Orikhiv;
• Up to 60 Ukrainian servicemen, 2 armored vehicles, 9 motor vehicles were destroyed in Kherson region, according to the Russian MOD;
• Up to 160 Ukrainian servicemen, 7 Leopard tanks, 15 armored vehicles, 5 motor vehicles, 2 artillery systems were destroyed in Zaporozhye region, according to the Russian MOD;
• The AFU reportedly hit 12 military equipment, 21 artillery units, 1 missiles systems, 2 ammo depot, 1 fuel depot of Russian Army in the past 24 hours.

MORE ON THE TOPIC:

• Military Situation In Ukraine On July 23, 2023 (Map Update)
• Military Situation In Donbass On July 22, 2023 (Map Update)
• Military Situation In Bakhmut Region On July 22, 2023 (Map Update)

The post Military Situation In Southern Ukraine On July 23, 2023 (Map Update) appeared first on...

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• On July 23, the Russian Ministry of Defense recorded no cases of hostilities and ceasefire violations in Idlib region in the past 24 hours;
• On July 23, SAA artillery shelled positions of Turkish-backed forces in Kafr Amma;
• On July 22, HTS reportedly arrested 59 people during a security campaign in the western and northern countryside of Idlib province;
• On July 22, the Kurdish Asayish forces arrested an ISIS leader in the eastern countryside of Deir ez-Zor.

MORE ON THE TOPIC:

• Military Situation In Syria On July 22, 2023 (Map Update)
• Military Situation In Syria On July 20, 2023 (Map Update)

The post Military Situation In Syria On July 23, 2023 (Map Update) appeared first on South Front.

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• The Russian Army struck production sites of unmanned boats near Odessa with high precision weapons;
• Russian artillery struck AFU positions near Stelmakhovka;
• Russian artillery struck AFU positions near Kupyansk;
• Russian artillery struck AFU positions near Priyutnoye;
• Russian artillery struck AFU positions near Dibrova;
• Russian artillery struck AFU positions near Nevskoye;
• Russian artillery destroyed an ammo depot of the AFU near Malaya Tokmachka;
• Russian artillery destroyed an ammo depot of the AFU near Zmiyevka;
• Russian artillery destroyed an ammo depot of the AFU near Zaporozhye;
• Russian artillery destroyed an ammo depot of the AFU near Serebryanka;
• The Russian Army repelled AFU attacks near Novomikhailovka;
• Clashes between the Russian Army and the AFU continue in Mariinka;
• Clashes between the Russian Army and the AFU continue near Kleshcheevka;
• Russian forces destroyed 30 Ukrainian servicemen, 3 armored vehicles, 3 motor vehicles, 1 Gvozdika howitzer in Kupyansk area;
• Russian forces destroyed 130 Ukrainian servicemen, 10 armored vehicles, 4 pickups, 4 artillery systems in Krasny Liman area;
• Russian forces destroyed 370 Ukrainian servicemen, 6 armored vehicles, 24 motor vehicles, 3 artillery systems in Donetsk countryside;
• Russian forces destroyed 60 Ukrainian servicemen, 2 armored vehicles, 9 motor vehicles in Kherson region;
• Russian air defense systems shot down 28 Ukrainian drones near Olshana, Tavolzhanka in the Kharkov region, Verkhnekamenka, Oborotnovka, Privolye, Nikolayevka, Topolevka in the LPR, Opytnoye, Novopetrikovka, Lipovoye, Trudovoye, Soledar, Yelenovka in the DPR, Novoye, Zelenopol, Peremozhnoye, Kuibyshevo, P...

RT | July 23, 2023

Saudi Arabia and Russia have prevented a consensus from emerging among the Group of 20 major economies on a road map to phase down the share of fossil fuels in the global energy mix, Reuters has reported.

The G20 energy transition ministers held a four-day summit that ended on Saturday in the Indian state of Goa where they discussed ways to achieve global net-zero greenhouse gas emissions.

The summit ended without a consensus because major fossil fuel producers, including Saudi Arabia and Russia, opposed a proposal to triple G20 countries renewable energy capacity by 2030, Reuters reported, citing its sources.

China, the worlds largest consumer of energy, as well as coal exporters South Africa and Indonesia, also opposed the plan, the agency added. India, the worlds most populous country and which currently generates 75% of its total power from coal, reportedly took a neutral stance on the issue.

As a result of the disagreements, the ministers issued an outcome statement and a chair summary instead of a joint communique. A joint communique is issued when complete agreement among members on all issues is achieved.

According to the statement, different national circumstances drove some members to support a phase-down of unabated fossil fuels, while others had different views and suggested that abatement and removal technologies would address environmental concerns associated with the use of fossil fuels.

Fossil fuels currently continue to play a significant role in the global energy mix, eradication of energy poverty, and in meeting the growing energy demand, reads the statement.

The document mentioned a number of technologies for countries to use as per national priorities, such as carbon capture, usage and storage (CCUS), a technology that can capture and make effective use of the high concentrations of CO emitted by industrial activities.

The G20 comprises 19 nations and the European Union. The groups aim is to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stability and climate change. Together, the G20 member countries account for over three-quarters of both gross domestic product and global emissions.

BY KEVIN BARRETT | JULY 23, 2023

To say that RFK Jr. goes out of his way to avoid offending Jews would be an understatement. He presents himself as the worlds biggest friend of the Jewish people in general and the Jewish (supremacist) state of Israel in particular.

The first mainstream article that covered RFKs presidential run with a positive spin was David Samuelss piece in the Jewish magazine Tablet. But since then there hasnt exactly been a groundswell of Kennedy support in the mainstream Jewish community. Aside from free-thinking outliers like Naomi Wolf and some of my radio guests (Josh Mitteldorf, Barry Kissin, Steve Brown, Ron Rattner) it seems that most of American Jewry, or at least its media wing, views RFK Jr.s candidacy with trepidation.

That trepidation metamorphosed into hysterical denunciation last week, when the candidates off-the-record dinner-table remarks about ethnic-specific bioweapons and COVID-19 triggered the biggest two-minute anti-Semitism media hatefest since Kanye West went defcon 3. The New York Post broke the story with a lying headline: RFK Jr. says COVID was ethnically targeted to spare Jews. What Kennedy actually said, in informal conversation, was:

COVID-19. There is an argument that it is ethnically targeted. COVID-19 attacks certain races disproportionately. COVID-19 is targeted to attack Caucasians and black people. The people who are most immune are Ashkenazi Jews and ChineseWe dont know whether it was deliberately targeted or not but there are papers out there that show the racial or ethnic differential and impact.

The candidate could be fairly accused of hyperbole: The study he was citing did not indicate how...