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Thursday, 27 July

04:11

Kooperationspartner von Anfang an "IndyWatch Feed Europe"

Grundlagen

Als Teil einer begrenzten Revolution von oben, die gedacht war, eine Revolution von unten zu verhindern [1], erlangten Pakistan (damals noch inklusive Ostpakistan, dem heutigen Bangladesch) und Indien im Jahr 1947 die Unabhngigkeit von Grobritannien. Whrend in Indien sich die politische Elite vom Westen abwandte, orientierte sich die pakistanische weiterhin an den Kolonialmchten des Westens und blieb in einem direkten Abhngigkeitsverhltnis von ihnen.[2] Im Jahr 1951 nahmen das damalige Dominion Pakistan und die kurz zuvor etablierte Bundesrepublik Deutschland diplomatische Beziehungen miteinander auf. Von Beginn an hatte die BRD einen groen Einfluss auf den neuentstandenen Staat: In den ersten Jahren der Unabhngigkeit war Westdeutschland einer seiner grten Auenhandelspartner.[3]

Doppelt eingebunden

Im Rahmen der globalen Systemkonfrontation drang die US-Regierung bald nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs auf die Grndung verschiedener Militrbndnisse, durch die die US-Hegemonie in einer ganzen Reihe von Lndern etabliert, ausgebaut und abgesichert werden sollte. Neben der NATO in Europa entstanden im Mittleren Osten die CENTO (Central Treaty Organization) und, mit Schwerpunkt in der Asien-Pazifik-Region, die SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization). Pakistan trat gleich zweien der Vertragssysteme bei der 1955 etablierten CENTO und der 1954 gegrndeten SEATO. 1973 trat es wieder aus der SEATO aus; diese lste sich 1977 auf, die CENTO zwei Jahre spter.

berzeugungsarbeit

Im Jahr 1958 putschte sich in Islamabad General Ayub Khan an die Spitze der Regierung und rief ein Jahrzehnt der Entwicklung aus. Plan der Militrregierung war es, das Land per Importsubstitution zu industrialisieren und die Abhngigkeit von der Landwirtschaft zu minimieren.[4] Wenige Monate nach dem Putsch besuchte der bundesdeutsche Wirtschaftsminister und Vizekanzler Ludwig Erhard das sdasiatische Land und traf sich mit dem Putschgeneral Khan.[5] Erhard versuchte, ihn davon zu berzeugen, die Industrialisierungsziele aufzugeben, und behauptete, es sei von beiderseitigem Nutzen, wenn die globale Arbeitsteilung aufrechterhalten bliebe. Pakistan solle sich also weiter auf die Landwirtschaft konzentrieren.[6] Doch Khan beharrte auf dem Industrialisierungskurs.

Ratschlge

Im Jahr darauf, 1959, erschien unter der Schlagzeile Bonner Wirtschaft gibt Pakistan Auftrieb ein Artikel in der New York Times, in dem es hie, die pakistanische Regierung halte sich nun endlich an wirtschaftspolitische Ratschlge aus der Bundesrepublik. Nach Erhard besuchten Bundesbankprsident Wilhelm Vocke und Theodor Oberlnder, Bundesminister fr Vertriebene, Flchtlinge und Kriegsgeschdigte, das sdasiatische Land. Basierend auf ihren Vorschlgen seien radikale nderungen in der Finanz-, Handels- und Industriepolitik Pakistans umgesetzt worden, berichtete die New York Times.[7] Noch im selben Jahr lobte der ko...

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Wednesday, 26 July

20:31

The International in Support the Troops "IndyWatch Feed War"

The second commentary in our ongoing symposium on Katharine Millars Support the Troops: Military Obligation, Gender, and the Making of Political Community. Pinar Bilgin is a professor of International Relations at Bilkent University, Ankara. She is the author of The International in Security, Security in the International (Routledge, 2016) and Regional Security in the Middle East: A Critical Perspective, 2nd ed. (Routledge, 2019). www.pinarbilgin.me


Support has emerged as the new service following a moment of disconnect with the troops in the UK and the US, we learn from Kate Millars book, Support the Troops. How about other parts of the world that apparently experienced no such disconnect? Support the Troops makes no claim to explain what happens outside the US and UK cases. But I wonder if, by missing aspects of the international, were missing a part of the condition of possibility of all this? In what follows, I will consider the international that has allowed for support to emerge as the new service in some parts of the world, even as others continue to serve and support in some other parts of the world.

Millar acknowledges that StT discoursesalmost uniformlyfail to engage with the international in that Iraqi, Pakistani, and Afghan civilians killed by the wars are rarely mentioned (175). But then, inter-state wars do not exhaust the international. The author also considers the colonial background. These states the US, UK, and others with pervasive support the troops practices, notably Canada and Australiaare also unified by their status as colonial states, she notes (177). Indeed, following Tarak Barkawis argument in Soldiers of Empire, colonial military relations have shaped post-colonial military relations. Yet again, post-/colonial relations do not exhaust the international.

The international in Support the Troops can also be located in post-World War II relations between Europe and non-Europe. When I write Europe, I refer to Western Europe and North America as the geographies that are put at the centre by those who are carriers of this particular w...

15:06

90 Seconds to Midnight nuclear weapons are still a threat, not a lesson in history "IndyWatch Feed Pacific"

After a weekend in which Chris Nolans new film Oppenheimer opened in UK cinemas to great acclaim, it would be easy to think that nuclear weapons are now a thing of the past but the UK/Ireland Nuclear Free Local Authorities are all too aware that todays weapons are infinitely more powerful that the rudimentary gadgets dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and that chillingly many remain on hair-trigger alert ready to be fired on warning, targeted at the millions of civilians who live in our cities.

Robert Oppenheimer himself had doubts about the future of humanity should more powerful devices be developed after the war. He called for international control of atomic weapons and for the United States to refrain from developing far more destructive hydrogen bombs; ultimately these actions, contrary to received wisdom in foreign policy and military doctrine, took him from being the darling of the scientific and political elite to its pariah, earning him dismissal from high office and the revocation of his security clearance.

Although the thawing of US-Soviet relations during the Reagan-Gorbachev era and the ending of the Cold War led to a significant reduction in the number of nuclear warheads held by the two superpowers, from a high of around 70,000, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) reports in its latest Yearbook that there are still an estimated 12,512 warheads in January 2023, with about 9,576 in military stockpiles for potential use. Of these, an estimated 3,844 warheads are deployed on missiles and aircraft, and around 2,000nearly all of which belong to Russia or the USAare kept in a state of high operational alert ready to fire at short notice.

In 2023 we have nine nuclear-armed states (the USA, Russia, UK, France, China, India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel). The United States also currently stores air-dropped nuclear bombs in four European nations and in Turkey under a hosting agreement to fit them to the nuclear-capable military aircraft of those NATO nations in the event of war, and, with ongoing war in Ukraine and the deployment of Russian nuclear weapons in Belarus, there is a real possibility that US nuclear weapons will soon again be redeployed to USAF / RAF Lakenheath taking us back to Cold War days.

Nuclear weapons are infinitely more powerful and more accurate than the atomic bombs dropped on Japan, and the consequences of their use are too dreadful to contemplate. Brilliant scientist and anti-bomb campaigner Albert Einstein famously said of the impact of any nuclear war that, in addition to the appalling human casualties and the complete destruction of our natural and built environment, human development would be so set back that any Fourth World War would be fought with sticks and stones!

Even the Trinity test itself, played out in a seemingly empty desert, had consequences...

14:49

India and Pakistan can fight smog by addressing crop residue burning "IndyWatch Feed Economics"

Both countries must address a lack of awareness among farmers, limited access to machinery and sticking to traditional practices. International funding can better equip these efforts.

04:49

New arrest warrant issued for ex-Pakistani PM Khan "IndyWatch Feed World"

Pakistan's Election Commission has issued an arrest warrant for former Prime Minister Imran Khan, who faces a contempt charge for allegedly using "intemperate language" against government officials. The electoral authority handed down a non-bailable arrest warrant on Monday, instructing the Islamabad Inspector General to bring Khan into custody over "contemptuous remarks" he is accused of making about the commission, multiple local media outlets reported. The former prime minister is expected to appear before officials on Tuesday. Khan's political party, Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf (PTI), later shared an image of the warrant on social media, showing only the first page of the document. [See below] The contempt charges were launched against the former prime minister and other PTI officials last year, with the commission previously asking them to appear in person to explain their position. However, Khan and his fellow party members challenged the order in the courts, arguing that the...

03:50

Flash floods claim 6 lives in Balochistan, Pakistan "IndyWatch Feed World"

At least six people tragically lost their lives in rain-related incidents across Balochistan on Monday, prompting the Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) to declare an emergency in the rain and flood-hit areas of the province and initiate rescue operations. The monsoon rains have persisted for the past week, with significant rainfall recorded in several districts, including Sahabpur, Lasbela, Bolan, Harnai, Sorab, and Zhob. Among the devastating incidents, at least two individuals were swept away by floodwaters in Naseerabad district, and rescue workers later recovered their bodies in the districts of Harnai, Lasbela, and Sohbat Pur.

Tuesday, 25 July

18:00

America welcomed this refugee who fled the Taliban; now hes a founding CEO opening doors for job seekers facing adversity "IndyWatch Feed World"

The third in a series examining how professional gatekeepers can change the careers of those without traditional connections. Cyrus Jaffery, a former Afghan refugee faced a string of professional rejections until his future father in law Tom Rivera saw his potential.

This article is the third in a series about gatekeepers in the professional world taking a chance on those with non-traditional backgrounds.  Read the full series here.

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